秸秆复合有机酿热物对大棚土壤环境的影响

为解决黑龙江省早春大棚土壤温度低及设施土壤环境恶化问题,以‘千禧’番茄为材料,研究秸秆+牛粪(NGH)、秸秆+马粪(MGH)、秸秆+羊粪(YGH)、单一秸秆(JG),以未进行反应堆技术为对照(CK),对早春大棚‘千禧’番茄土壤温度、土壤理化性状、酶活性及微生物群落结构的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,各处理降低了土壤pH,提高了土壤温度、土壤EC、碱解氮、速效钾、有机质含量及土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶、磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶活性。经过秸秆生物反应堆处理的20 cm土层温度有明显的提升,其中秸秆+羊粪处理在反应启动后提升土壤温度效果最好;秸秆+羊粪(YGH)处理提高了土壤速效磷含量,是对照的2倍;秸秆+羊粪(YGH)处理土壤中4种酶活性均处于最高水平,分别比对照提高了91.9%、220%、18.5%、7.3%。各处理微生物多样性指数均显著高于对照,变化规律一致为秸秆+羊粪(YGH)>秸秆+牛粪(NGH)>秸秆+马粪(MGH)>秸秆(JG)>对照(CK);秸秆+羊粪(YGH)及秸秆+牛粪(NGH)处理对糖类、氨基酸类、酯类、醇类、胺类、酸类6类碳源的利用能力最强,显著高于其他处理和对照。应用主成分分析和聚类分析方法将大棚番茄土壤分为4个等级,秸秆+羊粪(YGH)处理为第一级,秸秆+牛粪(NGH)处理为第二级,秸秆+马粪(MGH)及单一秸秆(JG)处理为第三级,对照(CK)为第四级。应用秸秆复合有机酿热物生物反应堆促进了土壤环境的改善,以秸秆+羊粪(YGH)作为复合有机酿热物效果最佳。     

Effect of cortisol and triiodothyronine bath treatments on the digestive enzyme profile and growth of Catla catla larvae during ontogenic development

Digestive enzyme profile is a good indicator of the nutritional and health status of the fish. The present investigation aims to evaluate the effect of exogenous bath treatment of hormones, cortisol and triiodothyronine, on the digestive enzyme activities and growth of carp Catla catla (Ham.) during ontogenic development. Catla larvae (4 days old) were given bath treatment with cortisol (hydrocortisone, 0.2 mg L^?1), 3,5,3′‐triiodothyronine (T3, 2.5 mg L^?1) and a combination of cortisol and T3 for 30 min. Digestive enzyme profile was recorded on every third day and was continued for 30 days. Larvae were fed with live food for initial 14 days and then weaned to mix feeding of live food and prepared diet. Significantly (P < 0.05) higher amylase, total protease, trypsin, chymotrypsin, lipase, chitinase and chitinobiase activities were found in the hormone‐treated groups compared to the control one during ontogenic development. Among the treated groups, amylase activity was highest in cortisol‐treated larvae. Total protease, trypsin, chymotrypsin, lipase, chitinase and chitinobiase activities were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in larvae exposed at combined treatment of cortisol and T3 compared to the other two groups in most sampling days. Average length, weight and specific growth rate of treated larvae were higher compared to the control one. The combined bath treatment of cortisol and triiodothyronine influenced the digestive enzyme activities of catla larvae and thereby enhanced the growth at early developmental stage. This helps the larvae to overcome the problems associated with early developmental stage.     

异色瓢虫两个单倍体基因型的生物学特性比较

势单倍型异色瓢虫生物学特性的差异，在室内条件下以豌豆修尾蚜Megoura japonica（Matsumura）为食物，观察这两个单倍型的幼虫期死亡率和发育历期、雌成虫终身产卵量和卵孵化率等生物学参数。结果表明，单倍型-I和单倍型-Ⅱ的幼虫发育历期差异显著，分别为14.38和13.75 d；单倍型-I在幼虫各龄期的死亡率均低于单倍型-Ⅱ，分别为13.33%和29.20%（1龄）、5.49%和13.75%（2龄）、1.16%和4.35%（3龄）、2.35%和10.61%（4龄）。单倍型-I和单倍型-Ⅱ的成虫终身产卵量无显著差异，分别为936粒和887粒；卵孵化率差异显著，单倍型-I的卵孵化率（64.53%）高于单倍型-Ⅱ（60.99%）。综合来看，异色瓢虫的两个单倍型在自然界存在数量差异的原因可能是其在生殖和发育上的差异造成的。     

云南省沧源县甘蔗生产现状调查

对云南省沧源蔗区2010年甘蔗种植现状进行调查,结果表明：沧源蔗区主要以旱地为主,气候条件能够满足甘蔗生长需求,但田间管理存在甘蔗品种结构不合理、灌溉条件差、施肥不科学、机械化程度低等主要问题。亟待采取具有针对性的措施促进蔗农增产增收。     

The Cytological Status of Plants Regenerated from Shoot-Meristem Culture of Pisum sativum L

The cytological status of plantlets regenerated from shoot apical meristems of Pisum sativum was investigated. Chromosome counts in root apices of in vitro regenerated plants showed a preponderance of diploid cells. Moreover, the karyotypes of root-tips from plants derived from culture and from normal plants were basically the same. Topics such as the treatment of chromosomal armlength data, simple statistical comparison of samples derived from normal and regenerated plants are discussed.     

大学生篮球裁判员培养的目标层次与途径

篮球裁判员培养的目标设定对整个培训工作具有导向、控制、激励与评价等作用,体现篮球裁判员工作内容和等级分类管理的要求.在具体的培训实践中,应该按照循序渐进原则,充分考虑篮球裁判培养的整体性、阶段性、持续性、层次性和递进性等特点,制定针对不同等级裁判的培训目标,以对培训工作进行指导.通过课程教学、培训班、一级裁判员考核认证学习、社会实践等途径,培养优秀的大学生篮球裁判员.     

Injury Induces a Change in the Functional Characteristics of Cells Recovered from Equine Tendon

Injury initiates a repair process characterized by influx of fibroblasts and the rapid formation of fibrous scar tissue and subsequent tissue contraction. The response to injury and behavior of the different tendon fibroblast populations, however, has been poorly characterized. We hypothesized that the fibroblasts recovered from tendon with acute injury would exhibit different cell properties relating to adhesion, migration and tensegrity. To test this hypothesis we evaluated the ability of fibroblasts recovered from normal and injured equine superficial digital flexor tendons (SDFTs). The injured tendon-derived cells showed greater contraction of the collagen gel but poorer adhesion to pepsin-digested collagen, and migration over extracellular matrix proteins compared to normal SDFT-derived fibroblasts. Thus, the cells present within the tendon after injury display different behavior related to wound healing.     

牛奶来源质量监督调查报告

为保证牛奶来源的质量和食品安全,对42个牧场进行随机检查,发现挤奶环境差、现场管理不当、人为搀假问题严重.其中酒精实验不合格和干物质低的牛奶数量最多,酒精阳性奶共48.27 t,干物质低奶54.36 t,分别占总问题奶的37%和44%.希望引起广大奶牛养殖户和乳品企业的重视.     

改进工艺提升民营橡胶产品质量

通过对西双版纳天然橡胶产品质量较低的原因分析,通过试验研究,提出改进工艺,规范生产,采用先进生产技术以提升橡胶产品质量的意见。     

勐腊县农业产业化经营与农产品加工发展状况调查报告

勐腊县地处祖国西南边陲,云南省最南端,位于北纬20°08'～22°25',东经101°06～101°51',辖区土地总面积7 081.2 km2,最高海拔2 023 m,最低海拔480 m.年平均日照时数2 006 h,降雨量在l 200一1 900mm,年平均气温21.7℃.山区沟壑纵横,溪流密布,坝区地势相对平坦.复杂的地形和充沛的降雨使勐腊县同时拥有了多种气候类型,为多种动植物提供了良好的生长环境,同时也为农牧渔业生产的发展提供了有利条件.